Smart construction site applications can improve construction sites' productivity, management efficiency, and decision-making capabilities, achieving digitization, refinement, greenization, and intelligence in production and management. By leveraging technologies such as the Internet of Things and virtual reality, these applications broaden human vision, expand perceptual capabilities, and enhance specific skills. With the assistance of artificial intelligence technology and equipment such as robots, they can partially replace humans to complete previously difficult or risky tasks. Utilizing big data and artificial intelligence technologies can enhance scientific decision-making abilities, replace human involvement in the construction production and management processes, and ultimately realize the management and control of intelligent or automated machinery and equipment by a "construction brain," completing relevant construction tasks.
1. Personnel Management at Smart Construction Sites
Smart construction site personnel management can achieve entry and exit management, personnel positioning management, personnel training management, and personnel health emergency management based on basic personnel information. Especially in abnormal situations, it is necessary to establish emergency plans for personnel health and conduct advance drills, managing personnel health and emergency incident records to meet the efficient disposal requirements of emergency events, including rapid retrieval, query, tracking, and analysis.
2. Management of Machinery and Equipment at Smart Construction Sites
The construction of smart construction sites requires the support of intelligent construction equipment, in addition to intelligent equipment, general construction machinery can also possess or be retrofitted with certain intelligent functions. Machinery such as earthmoving and roadbuilding machinery, piling machinery, lifting machinery, high-altitude operation machinery, and non-excavation machinery can all achieve intelligent transformation, operation, and control through integrated applications of technologies such as automatic identification, positioning, automatic monitoring, and automatic control.
3. Management of Land, Materials, and Supplies at Smart Construction Sites
The management of materials and supplies at smart construction sites will fully utilize technologies such as the Internet, data analysis, blockchain, Building Information Modeling (BIM), satellite positioning, AI recognition, electronic tags, and QR codes to digitize and informatize the management of various aspects of material management. From the material production stage, using intelligent equipment and advanced technology, management will be conducted for material production, factory acceptance, logistics transportation, site acceptance, and storage.
4. Construction Measurement Management at Smart Construction Sites
Smart construction measurement management will comprehensively utilize modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things, BIM, AI, big data, 5G, 3D laser scanning, as well as intelligent tools such as smart rulers, intelligent rangefinders, smart tape measures, and intelligent angle gauges to automate the processing of conventional and special measurements data, including concrete rebound measurement, large-volume concrete temperature and humidity monitoring, topographic measurement, geological monitoring, earthwork balance measurement, pile foundation monitoring, pit monitoring, smart monitoring of tall and large templates, structural stress-strain monitoring, deformation monitoring, and concrete ultra-high pumping monitoring.
5. Construction Environment and Energy Management at Smart Construction Sites
Smart construction site environment and energy management strengthen scientific control over the construction site environment, conserve energy, protect the ecological environment, and promote the formation of a green control mode for construction site environments, including dust and noise monitoring, sewage detection, water and electricity energy-saving monitoring and energy efficiency management, solid waste management, and site layout management, through intelligent means.
From the perspective of green construction, smart construction site environment and energy management utilize information technologies such as the Internet of Things, BIM, and mobile internet to automatically collect, centrally monitor, dynamically collect, and analyze warning factors affecting the construction environment. In real-time, they grasp key information such as on-site dust and noise, solid waste, site layout, energy, and water environment. They achieve optimal resource allocation, optimize construction organization and management, and improve the environment.
By implementing dynamic control and refined management of engineering projects, the level and efficiency of green construction management can be greatly improved. This application can significantly reduce the impact of construction activities on the environment, achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, improve the construction environment, and enhance the sustainable development of the construction industry.